Carbon-based negative electrode is currently the most commonly used in commercial lithium batteries. Featuring low cost, low operating voltage, and good cycle stability, it is mainly used in small consumer electronics and power batteries. Carbon-based negative electrode mainly includes natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microballoon (MCMB), hard carbon, soft carbon and other types. Li+ can be reversibly inserted and removed from the six-atom carbon layers of graphite to form a LiC6 structure for lithium storage. The theoretical specific capacity is 372 mAh g-1.